Background: Social capital is the main source of orbit successfully and the ability reliance and finally working CONSCIENCE in an organization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and working CONSCIENCE among employees of Urmia University. Method: This study is a descriptive – correlation research. The population of this research includes 530 staffs who worked in Urmia University. Among all, 225 staffs were selected through random sampling. The Data were collected by using two standard questionnaires; social capital and Working CONSCIENCE. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, (MANOVA) and multiple regression analysis. Results: MANOVA test showed that elements of social capital (including all structural elements, cognitive and relational) have impacts on the components of work CONSCIENCE. Also, based on multiple regressions analysis, the components of social capital has a positive and significant relationship with orbit successfully and cognitive element can be positively and significantly predict orbit successfully which is indicative of the importance of social capital in organizations. Finally, there is a significant positive relationship between the components of social capital with ability reliance and the structural and the cognitive elements can predict ability reliance positively and significantly. Conclusion: According to the statistical results, there is a positive and significant relationship between the component elements of social capital and working CONSCIENCE of Urmia University Staff.

In different schools of thought, there are various theories and definition for ethics. In the Obligation school, an ETHICAL act is the one without any intention that is only caused by the obligation, and the objective of the act is only accomplishment of the obligation. The other theory regarding the ETHICAL CONSCIENCE is the dominant theory of materialists, which indicates that ethics originates from the human’s prudent thought. It is advised for human being to respect other people. The main problem of this theory is that such ETHICAL approach can be dominated only where the powers are equal. However, if one side is powerful and the other side is weak, no factor or power can invite the powerful side t observe ethics. Another theory in this regard is based upon balance. According to this theory, good act or ETHICAL act is beautiful, and the basis of such beauty is the balance. Among these, the attitude of Islam toward ETHICAL act is noteworthy. Basically, in Islam, the real rights of all individuals should be observed without any exception. Thus, in Islam it is stated that the truth requirements should be observed rather than the emotions requirements. In other words, according to Holy Quran, the real rights of all individuals in a community should be observed without any exception, and the measure for these rights is the religion, which originates from the general force and overall requirement of the Creation.

One of the most pivotal topics discussed implicitly and explicitly by Allame Ja’fari in the majority of his works is ETHICAL CONSCIENCE. From his viewpoint, the reference of the concept of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE include the inner voice, compass of human existence, and guidance toward the ideals. In defense of the existence of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE, he believes that this power is existed among all people and to his viewpoint, the operation of this power is the complement of the rational method. According to Allameh, the functions of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE can include some factors such as human personality growth, humanistic safe guidance, and cases such as blaming and torturing human. His research in ETHICAL CONSCIENCE is a unique attempt; nevertheless, his viewpoint is addressed by some criticisms among which we can refer to the effect of social-ETHICAL regulations on ETHICAL CONSCIENCE, considering independency of the power of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE from other powers, and existence of different ideals among the people and societies. In addition, Allameh’s major attempts were more on the concept of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE and less on examples of ETHICAL CONSCIENCE.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ETHICAL principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ETHICAL model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ETHICAL and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

The present study is a correlational and regression type of research, and Questionnaire is used as a data collection tool. The research sample was selected to be 138 people using Morgan table. According to findings, the employees of the Department of Education have high adherence to ETHICAL behaviors; they have low level of achievement motivation and have moderate level of work CONSCIENCE. Also, there was no significant relationship between ETHICAL behaviors and achievement motivation variables and no significant relationship between the variable of ETHICAL behaviors and the variable of work CONSCIENCE. Adherence to ETHICAL behavior predicts the achievement motivation by 3%.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ETHICAL entelligence, work ethics, and organizational commitment among school principals in Meybod with an emphasis on the Islamic approach. This study had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study comprised all school principals at different stages of education in Meybod in academic year 2016-2017. The sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) and 108 indiviuals were selected through random stratified sampling method. The instruments included Lennick and Kiel's ETHICAL Intelligence Questionnaire (2005), Costa and McCrae Work Ethics Questionnaire(1992), and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mowday, Porter & Steers, 1992). The reliabililty and validity of the instruments were approved by psychometric criteria. The obtained data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Results indicated that moral intelligence had the predicitive power for work ethics and organizational commitment. More specifically, among the components of moral intelligence, the best predictors of work ethics were standing up for what is right in the first stage and standing up for what is right as well as admitting mistakes and failures in the second stage. Furthermore, among the components of moral intelligence, the best predictors of organizational commitment were actively caring about others in the first stage, telling the truth in the second stage, and admitting mistakes and failures in the third stage

Introduction: ETHICAL leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. ETHICAL leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ETHICAL leadership and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ETHICAL leadership has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ETHICAL climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ETHICAL leadership has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ETHICAL climate. Conclusion: ETHICAL leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ETHICAL leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ETHICAL atmosphere in the organization

The concept of CONSCIENCE has had a special place in the development of the history of Western cultures. This position can be considered both in the general culture of these societies and in terms of the effects, it has had on the concept of modern ‘natural law’. The importance of this concept can be seen in the philosophies of ancient Greece to the centrality that is given to it in contemporary intellectual discourse. CONSCIENCE is a major topic in Western philosophy, but it also has an important place in literature; it has been considered a key concept in modern law. In this tradition, the CONSCIENCE has been a moment of individual development, a moment of disobedience to norm, and a moment of creativity and imagination. In the modern Kurdish culture, this and similar concepts are weakened their traditional cultural and social status. However, this forgetfulness is also seen in the world of Kurdish intellectuals. Ahmad Mukhtar Jaf’s novelette, The Question of CONSCIENCE, by taking into consideration the standards of «the history of ideas», is one of those precious opportunities that can be considered from several perspectives. The years of writing this book are valuable testimony to the intellectual and cultural changes that the Kurdish community has undergone. However, this story expresses a different perspective on how CONSCIENCE must be understood. Ahmad Mokhtar attempts to demonstrate how CONSCIENCE needs a suitable social context for growth, and how in the absence of such a context, CONSCIENCE may be forgotten.

Background: The values such as morality, CONSCIENCE, liability and responsibility act as catalyst in changing a new idea and thought into a product and its presentation to the market, and they cause the entrepreneurship process become shorter and more effective. On the other hand, these values will attract the confidence of entrepreneurs aiming at future sight and implementing new ideas. In interaction with economical and cultural factors of entrepreneurship, the above values may lead to the ultimate level of confidence of the entrepreneurs that is their sacrifice; as a result, the economical and cultural development of the society is unavoidable. The fair distribution of income, growth of investment and all economical and social factors will be indirectly subject to these values.Conclusion: Introducing moral aspects and job CONSCIENCE and defining the concept of entrepreneurship, has been tried to illuminate the role of these values in this area.